automotive engineering

Power steering systems have become more and more widely used in the last few years, due to the increasing front axle loads of vehicles on the one hand and the trend towards vehicles with more agile steering propertiesand hence direct transmission steering systems on the other. With the exception of some members of the ‘sub-compact’ […]

On passenger cars, the driver must select the steering wheel system angle to keep deviation from the desired course low. However, there is no definite functional relationship between the turning angle of the steering wheel made by the driver and the change in driving direction, because the correlation of the following is not linear: 

The engine, differential and gearbox form one unit, which can sit in front of, over, or behind the front axle. The design is very compact and, unlike the standard design, means that the vehicle can either be around 100–300 mm shorter, or the space for passengers and luggage can be larger. These are probably the

rear axle trailing arm suspension – also known as a crank axle – consists of a control arm lying longitudinally in the driving direction and mounted to rotate on a suspension subframe or on the body on both sides of the vehicle . The control arm has to withstand forces in all directions, and is

The McPherson strut is a further development of double wishbone suspension. The upper transverse link is replaced by a pivot point on the wheel house panel, which takes the end of the piston rod and the coil spring. Forces from all directions are concentrated at this point and these cause bending stress in the piston

The chassis of a four wheel independent suspension car must be able to handle the engine power installed. Ever-improving acceleration, higher peak and cornering speeds, and deceleration lead to significantly increased requirements for safer chassis. Independent wheel suspensions follow this trend. Their main advantages are: little space requirement; a kinematic and/or elastokinematic toe-in change, tending

Smaller buses (cng electric hybrid vehicle) have been built with pure electric and alternative forms of hybrid drive. An interesting project by Unique Mobility in North America put a CN Gelectric hybrid system into a 25 ft (7.62 m), 24 passenger vehicle . Here the compactness and locational flexibility of the hybrid-drive elements meant that

hydrogen powered cars have a significant potential to reduce emissions from the transportation sector, because they do not emit any greenhouse gases (GHGs) during vehicle operation. Their lifecycle GHG emissions depend on how the hydrogen fuel is made A future mid-size car in the 2035-2045 time frame, powered by fuel cells and using hydrogen generated

Electric cars and how work were prevalent in early 20th century, when electricity was preferred in automobile propulsion. Advances in internal combustion technology, especially the electric starter, the greater range of gasoline cars, quicker refueling times, and growing petroleum infrastructure, along with the mass production of gasoline vehicles reduced prices of gasoline cars to less

In fact, most modern engine control systems, s are digital. A typical engine control system incorporates a microprocessor and is essentially a special-purpose computer (or microcontroller). Electronic engine control has evolved from a relatively rudimentary fuel control system employing discrete analog components to the highly precise fuel and ignition control through 32-bit (sometimesmore) microprocessorbased integrated