In accordance with the German standard DIN 70 023 ‘nomenclature of vehicle components’, the steering column consists of the jacket tube (also known as the outer tube or protective sleeve), which is fixed to the body, and the steering shaft, also called the steering tube. This is only mounted in bearings at the top and …
The bypass of the hydraulic circuit and direct steering boost with the aid of an electric motor (electric power steering system ) has additional advantages in terms of weight and engine bay space compared with electro-hydraulic steering, because of the omission of all the hydraulic components. Other advantages are obtained through more variations of the …
Hydraulic power steering system is still the most widely used. The method of using oil under pressure to boost the servo is sophisticated and advantageous in terms of cost, space and weight. Sensitivity to movementscaused by the road surface and hence the effect of torsional impacts and torsional vibrations passing into the steering wheel is …
Power steering systems have become more and more widely used in the last few years, due to the increasing front axle loads of vehicles on the one hand and the trend towards vehicles with more agile steering propertiesand hence direct transmission steering systems on the other. With the exception of some members of the ‘sub-compact’ …
rack and pinion steering gear with a shift movement is used not only on small and medium-sized passenger cars, but also on heavier and faster vehicles, such as the Audi A8 and Mercedes E and S Class, plus almost all new light van designs with independent front wheel suspension. The advantages over manual recirculating ball …
On passenger cars, the driver must select the steering wheel system angle to keep deviation from the desired course low. However, there is no definite functional relationship between the turning angle of the steering wheel made by the driver and the change in driving direction, because the correlation of the following is not linear: …
The engine, differential and gearbox form one unit, which can sit in front of, over, or behind the front axle. The design is very compact and, unlike the standard design, means that the vehicle can either be around 100–300 mm shorter, or the space for passengers and luggage can be larger. These are probably the …
semi trailing arm suspension is a special type of trailing-arm axle, which is fitted mainly in rear-wheel-and four-wheel-drive passenger cars, but which is also found on front-wheel-drive vehicles the control arm axis of rotation EG is diagonally positioned at an angle a ¼ 10–25, and from the rear an angle b 5 can still …
rear axle trailing arm suspension – also known as a crank axle – consists of a control arm lying longitudinally in the driving direction and mounted to rotate on a suspension subframe or on the body on both sides of the vehicle . The control arm has to withstand forces in all directions, and is …
The McPherson strut is a further development of double wishbone suspension. The upper transverse link is replaced by a pivot point on the wheel house panel, which takes the end of the piston rod and the coil spring. Forces from all directions are concentrated at this point and these cause bending stress in the piston …