The first successful design of a three-port two-stroke engine was patented in 1889 by Joseph Day & Son of Bath. This employed the underside of the piston in conjunction with a sealed crank-case to form a scavenge pump (‘scavenging’ being the pushing-out of exhaust gas by the induction of fresh charge). This engine completes the […]
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The first internal-combustion engine to operate successfully on the four-stroke cycle used gas as a fuel and was built in 1876 by Nicolaus August Otto, a self-taught German engineer at the Gas-motoreufabrik Deutz factory near Cologne, for many years the largest manufacturer of internal-combustion engines in the world. It was one of Otto’s associates –
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The main problem in understanding the construction of the reciprocating piston engine is being able to identify and name the various parts making up the power unit. To this end, the following briefly describes the major car engine components and the names given to them : Cylinder block This is a cast structure with cylindrical
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Along with hoses comes a requirement for hose connectors. There are a myriad of different types and sizes of hose connections that are perfectly suitable for compressed air. However, there are only few basic connectors that are typically used. above Figure shows two different male NPT × hose barb fittings. The combination nipple is a
Most compressed air systems require at least one regulator, and in many situations they require a large number of these devices. A pressure regulator is a control device that takes a high input pressure and lowers it to a usable output pressure. The most important regulator in the system is the master regulator, which is
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Centrifugal fan are commonly found in commercial heating, airconditioning, and ventilation systems. In this role they serve the same function as a squirrel cage fan as a prime air mover. A centrifugal fan can produce a higher output pressure than a squirrel cage blower and, therefore, is the preferred choice for pumping large positive pressure
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Rammers are shown in above Fig. . These are required for striking the molding sand mass in the molding box to pack or compact it uniformly all around the pattern. The common forms of rammers used in ramming are hand rammer, peen rammer, floor rammer and pneumatic rammer which are briefly described as (i) Hand
All wooden objects whether doors, windows, furniture, pattern, core boxes, handicrafts, toys, cots, etc., are all assembled with joints. The various common used wood working joints are given below
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Chisel is a strong sharp edge cutting tool with a sharp bevel edge at one end. Its construction is composed of handle, tang, ferrule, shoulder, and blade. Chisels are generally made up of high carbon steel. They are used to shape and fit parts as required in joint making. A gouge is a curved chisel.
Various kinds of cutting tools namely various kinds of saws, planes, chisels, scraper, files, and rasp adze and axe and boring tools such as brace and bits, bradawl, auger, gimlet are used in the carpentry shop. Few important types of cutting tools are described as under. Saws Saws are wood cutting tools having handle and
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