Manufacturing Engineering

In actual practice it is very difficult to trace the cooling of iron from 1600°C to ambient temperature because particular cooling rate is not known. Particular curve can be traced from temperature, time and transformation (TTT) curve. However allotropic changes observed during cooling of pure iron are depicted in Fig. 8.4. When iron is cooled […]

Cupola furnace is employed for melting scrap metal or pig iron for production of various cast irons. It is also used for production of nodular and malleable cast iron. It is available in good varying sizes. below Figure shows the various parts and zones of cupola furnace. The main considerations in selection of cupolas are

A large numbers of engineering materials exists in the universe such as metals and non metals (leather, rubber, asbestos, plastic, ceramics, organic polymers, composites and semi conductor). Some commonly used engineering materials are broadly classified as shown in Figure. Leather is generally used for shoes, belt drives, packing, washers etc. It is highly flexible and

Horsepower refers to the amount of energy that must be supplied to operate a pump. An understanding of how to calculate horsepower and how to read and interpret the horsepower data shown on the pump performance curve is necessary to choose the correct size of driver for the pump. There are several commonly designated expressions

Static head is the total elevation change that the liquid must undergo. In most cases, static head is normally measured from the surface of the liquid in the supply vessel to the surface of the liquid in the vessel where the liquid is being delivered. The total static head is measured from supply vessel surface

The amount of head developed in the impeller is approximately : where V is the velocity at the tip of the impeller (ft/s) and g is the acceleration of gravity (32.2 ft/s2). The velocity at the impeller tip can also be expressed as : where rpm is the pump speed (in revolutions per minute) and

The required capacity of the pump is normally dictated by the requirements of the system in which the pump is located. A process system is designed for a particular throughput. A vessel must be filled (or emptied) in a certain amount of time. An air conditioning system requires a particular flow of chilled water to

Diaphragm pumps are similar to piston and plunger pumps, except that the reciprocating motion of the pump causes a diaphragm to flex back and forth, which in turn causes the liquid to flow into and out of the liquid end of the pump. As with all reciprocating pumps, diaphragm pumps require check valves at the

A plunger pump (Figure 1.23) is similar to a piston pump, except the reciprocating member is a plunger rather than a piston. The plunger is single-acting (i.e., only has liquid discharging during the forward stroke), and the plunger is sealed with packing in the cylinder walls. Generally speaking, plunger pumps are used for higher pressure

Piston pumps are reciprocating pumps consisting of a power end and a liquid end. The power end of the pump takes the driver power and converts the rotary motion to reciprocating motion. The driver can be a motor, an engine, or a turbine, whose output must then be converted by means of crankshafts, connecting rods,