Beams are used extensively in structures, primarily in flooring systems for buildings and bridges. They belong to the line element category, i.e. their longitudinal dimension is large in comparison to their cross-sectional dimensions. Whereas truss members are loaded axially, beams are loaded normal to the longitudinal direction, and carry the loading by bending and twisting […]
Trusses are components of larger structural systems, such as buildings, bridges, and towers. In order to evaluate the behavior under loading, one needs to identify the main structural components of the system and determine how the external load is transmitted from one component to another. This process is called “structural idealization,” it is a key
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Simple two-dimensional (2-D) truss structures are formed by combining one-dimensional linear members to create a triangular pattern. One starts with a triangular unit, and then adds a pair of members to form an additional triangular unit. This process is repeated until the complete structure is assembled.below Figure illustrates this process for the case where all
A structure is classified according to its function and the type of elements used to make up the structure. Typical TYPES OF STRUCTURES and their corresponding functions are listed in Table TYPES OF STRUCTURES can also be classified by their Design : Solid Structures Can be made by, piling up or forming similar materials into
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The two main types of foundation are : Shallow foundation (spread foundation) Isolated footing Combined footing Deep foundation Pile foundation Pier foundation Shallow foundation Depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width. Isolated footing In framed structures where several columns are to be constructed, isolated footings can be adopted. The columns involved
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