Cooling towers are common components of centralized cooling systems. Cooling towers are used either in conjunction with water-cooled chillers for chilled water systems or with plate and frame heat exchangers for water source heat pump systems. Cooling towers are used for HVAC applications in conjunction with water-cooled HVAC equipment to cool water by exposing it …
The following are design considerations for chillers. Chiller selectiona. Type of compressor: Although it varies from one manufacturer to another,the type of compressors used and the associated range of chiller capacitiesare generally as follows:(1) Reciprocating compressors: 25- to 75-ton chillers(2) Scroll compressors: 25- to 500-ton chillers (3) Screw compressors: 75- to 800-ton chillers(4) Centrifugal compressors: …
Heat exchangers are commonly used in centralized heating systems and water-source heat pump systems. Heat exchangers are used in HVAC systems where it is necessary to transfer heat from one fluid stream to another without mixing the two fluid streams. Heat exchangers can be used to transfer heat from steam to water, water to water, …
Heat exchangers are commonly used in centralized heating systems and water-source heat pump systems. Heat exchangers are used in HVAC systems where it is necessary to transfer heat from one fluid stream to another without mixing the two fluid streams. Heat exchangers can be used to transfer heat from steam to water, water to water, …
Strainers are used to remove any sediment that may be entrained in the fluid stream of the water, brine, or steam system. Strainers are commonly installed at the main system pumps in water or brine systems and also upstream of sensitive components, such as control valves and pressure regulating valves. Strainers used in commercial HVAC …
Pressure gauges measure the difference in pressure between two points. It is common for one of these two points to be the atmosphere,22 in which case the measured pressure is based on the reference of atmospheric pressure. This is called gauge pressure. Pressure gauges in commercial HVAC systems are most commonly used to measure the …
Ball valves consist of a solid ball held in place within the valve body between two circular resilient seats. The ball is connected to the internal end of the valve stem, and a hand-lever actuator is connected to the external end of the valve stem for manual operation. The ball has a hole (port) in …
Butterfly valves consist of a solid disc mounted within the valve body, which is connected to the internal end of the valve stem. A hand-lever actuator is connected to the external end of the valve stem for manual operation. When the valve stem is turned such that the disc is parallel to the fluid flow, …
Butterfly valves consist of a solid disc mounted within the valve body, which is connected to the internal end of the valve stem. A hand-lever actuator is connected to the external end of the valve stem for manual operation. When the valve stem is turned such that the disc is parallel to the fluid flow, …
Gate valves consist of a solid wedge mounted within the valve body, which is connected to the internal end of the valve stem. A handwheel actuator is connected to the external end of the valve stem for manual operation. When the valve stem is turned completely in the counterclockwise direction, the wedge is raised to …