hydroelectric power generation provides about 96 percent of the renewable energy in the United States. Other renewable resources include geothermal, wave power, tidal power, wind power, and solar power. Hydroelectric power plants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric […]
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The most common electrical drawings are wiring diagrams or wiring plans. In these drawings the electrical lines and symbols are superimposed on an architectural floor plan. The drawing scale must be large enough to permit symbols and line conventions to be drawn legibly. Floor plans for new homes, office buildings, and large industrial, commercial, or
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A Linear resistor is one whose resistance doesn’t vary with the flow of current through it. The current through it, will always be proportional to the voltage applied across it. Linear resistors are further classified as Fixed and Variable resistors. Variable resistors are those whose values can be varied manually, according to the requirement. A
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In order to increase the conduction capability of intrinsic semiconductor, it is better to add some impurities. This process of adding impurities is called as Doping. Now, this doped intrinsic semiconductor is called as an Extrinsic Semiconductor. A Semiconductor in its extremely pure form is said to be an intrinsic semiconductor. The properties of this
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A Semiconductor in its extremely pure form is said to be an intrinsic semiconductor. The properties of this pure semiconductor are as follows: The electrons and holes are solely created by thermal excitation. The number of free electrons is equal to the number of holes. The conduction capability is small at room temperature. In order
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a solar cell can convert the energy contained in the solar radiation into electrical energy. Due to the limited size of the solar cell it only delivers a limited amount of power under fixed current-voltage conditions that are not practical for most applications. In order to use solar electricity for practical devices, which require a
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PV systems can be very simple, consisting of just a PV module and load, as in the direct powering of a water pump motor, which only needs to operate when the sun shines. However, when for example a whole house should be powered, the system must be operational day and night. It also may have
The idea of hot carrier solar cells is to reduce the energy losses due to relaxation and hence thermalisation. this should be achieved by collect electron-hole pairs of high energy photons just after light excitation before they have a chance to relax back to the edges of the electronic bands. In the figure, the population
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The concept of intermediate band solar cells (IB) tries to tackle the problem photons with energies below the bandgap cannot be utilised for current generation. in intermediate band cells energy levels are created artificially in the bandgap of the absorber material . As in conventional single-junction solar cells, photons with a sufficient energy can excite
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The used absorber materials are either conductive organic polymers or organic molecules that are based on carbon, which may form a cyclic, a-cyclic, linear or mixed compound structure in ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS. above Figure shows some example of organic materials that can be used for PV applications: P3HT, Phtalocyanine, PCBM and Ruthenium Dye N3. All these
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