Glare appears in the case of very high luminance or large luminance contrast often due to lack of shielding from a window, reflection or from direct sight of the LED light sources in the luminaire. Normally, the eye adapts to any lighting situation, but if the lighting of the object or its background is too …
Luminance contrast is a photometric term determined by the difference in the colour and brightness of an object compared to its background within the same field of view. A lighting design that brightens some objects while others stay shaded can provide improved visibility. Many lighting professionals recommend a maximum ratio of 5 : 1 or …
Lighting uniformity refers to the evenness of illumination across the work area, floor and walls respectively. Uniform lighting is particularly important for work areas.If the lighting is uneven, the eyes of the occupants make involuntary adjustments for the different lighting levels while trying to stay in focus, creating undue stress and fatigue The standard EN12464-1 …
Lighting is generally divided into three types : General lighting usually consists of ceiling-mounted luminaires placed with the same distance between them and half the distance to the wall. General lighting provides the required illuminance all over and complete furnishing flexibility. The overall appearance might not be appealing and energy consumption is higher than for …
LED lighting technology provides large benefit for energy efficiency and high quality lighting for both the private and public service sectors. The LED technology is very different from former lighting technologiesand holds many possibilities for innovation. This can result in better working conditions and greater well-being e. g. through optimised luminaires, built-in lighting, flexible lighting …
Similar to runway guard lights, runway stop bar lights are in-pavement lights on taxiways at intersections with runways. As opposed to RGLs that provide warning to pilots approaching a runway, runway stop bar lights are designed to act as “stop” lights, directing aircraft and vehicles on the taxiway not to enter the runway environment. Runway …
Runway guard lights (RGLs) are in-pavement lights located on taxiways at intersections of runways to alert pilots and operators of airfield ground vehicles that they are about to enter onto an active runway.RGLs are located across the width of the taxiway, approximately 2 ft from the entrance to a runway, spaced at approximately 10-ft intervals, …
During the final approach for landing, pilots must make a decision to complete the landing or “execute a missed approach.” The identification of the threshold is a major factor in pilot decisions to land or not to land. For this reason, the region near the threshold is given special lighting consideration. The threshold is identified …
During the final approach for landing, pilots must make a decision to complete the landing or “execute a missed approach.” The identification of the threshold is a major factor in pilot decisions to land or not to land. For this reason, the region near the threshold is given special lighting consideration. The threshold is identified …
During the final approach for landing, pilots must make a decision to complete the landing or “execute a missed approach.” The identification of the threshold is a major factor in pilot decisions to land or not to land. For this reason, the region near the threshold is given special lighting consideration. The threshold is identified …