The Building Regulations, Approved Document N details acceptable standards for glazing materials and protection, including the critical areas shown in Figure which require safety glazing. The critical locations are defined as follows: glass within 800 mm of the finished floor; glass within 1 500 mm of the finished floor and contained in a door or […]
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Estimates of the number of disabled people in the United Kingdom vary. Figures between 8 per cent of the population and 8 million persons provide some scale of the need for building designers, constructors, owners and occupiers to facilitate for the disabled. Legislative measures to ensure that disabled people can access buildings include the Disability
The chief drawback of daylighting is its inconsistency, especially its total unavailability after dusk and before sunrise. Artificial lighting can be instantly and constantly available, is easy to manipulate and can be controlled by the occupants of a building. However, daylighting and artificial lighting should be regarded as complementary. Artificial lighting is used mainly for
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Urban design is concerned with the arrangement, appearance and function of our suburbs, towns and cities. It is both a process and an outcome of creating localities in which people live, engage with each other, and engage with the physical place around them. It involves the design and coordination of all that makes up cities and
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Pivoted windows In this type of window, the shutter is capable of rotating about a pivot fixed to window frame. The frame has no rebate. The shutter can swing horizontally or vertically. Sliding Window Has two or more sashes that overlap slightly but slide horizontally within the frame. Suitable openings or grooves are left in