An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element. Each of the known 110 elements has atoms that are different from the atoms of all other elements. This gives each element a unique atomic structure. According to the classic Bohr model, an atom is visualized as having a […]
A Linear resistor is one whose resistance doesn’t vary with the flow of current through it. The current through it, will always be proportional to the voltage applied across it. Linear resistors are further classified as Fixed and Variable resistors. Variable resistors are those whose values can be varied manually, according to the requirement. A
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One of the most important functions in electronic instrumentation is that of amplification (ideal op amp characteristics ).The need to amplify low-level electric signals arises frequently in a number of applications. Perhaps the most familiar use of amplifiers arises in converting the low-voltage signal from a cassette tape player, a radio receiver, or a compact
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one of the most important topics in the analysis of electric circuits is the concept of an equivalent circuit. thevenin theorem show that it is always possible to view even a very complicated circuit in terms of much simpler equivalent source and load circuits, and that the transformations leading to equivalent circuits are easily managed,
The principle underlying kirchhoff’s voltage law KVL is that no energy is lost or created in an electric circuit; in circuit terms, the sum of all voltages associated with sources must equal the sum of the load voltages, so that the net voltage around a closed circuit is zero. The principles of conservation of energy
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Charge moving in an electric circuit gives rise to a current, Naturally, it must take some work, or energy, for the charge to move between two points in a circuit, say, from point a to point b. The total work per unit charge associated with the motion of charge between two points is called voltage.
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Kirchhoff’s laws govern the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits. Kirchhoff’s Laws The junction rule The closed loop rule At any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node, or: The algebraic sum of currents
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The word electricity originated about 600 B.C.; it comes from elektron, which was the ancient Greek word for amber. The true nature of electricity was not understood until much later. the atomic structure of matter, consisting of a nucleus—neutrons and protons—surrounded by electrons. The fundamental electric quantity is charge, and the smallest amount of charge
An electrical network is a collection of elements through which current flows. The following definitions introduce some important elements of a network. Branch A branch is any portion of a circuit with two terminals connected to it. A branch may consist of one or more circuit elements Node A node is the junction of two
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An ideal voltage sources are an electric device that generates a prescribed voltage at its terminals. The ability of an ideal voltage source to generate its output voltage is not affected by the current it must supply to the other circuit elements. Note that the output voltage of an ideal source can be a function
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