Doors and frames are fire rated together as an assembly, not individually as pieces. The integrity of the door assembly is critical to the success of the assembly to achieve and maintain its fire rating. Any penetrations into the door or frame will affect the ability of the assembly to hold its rated resistance to […]
A door can be evaluated on a number of important criteria: They must block passage They must open and close easily They should be robust against intrusion They should fit the visual aesthetics of the environment in which they are mounted The basic door is the standard Single- and Double-Leaf Swinging Door. This door includes
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An appropriate method for a structured design process is defined by VDI guideline 2221 . One of the most important steps is the precise definition of functions. In order to guarantee a thorough understanding of the product requirements at the very beginning of its development, functional analysis must be organised involving experts from all disciplines
Glass wool is made by the Crown process , which is similar to the process used for mineral wool. A thick stream of glass flows from a furnace into a forehearth and by gravity into a rapidly rotating steel alloy dish, punctured by hundreds of fine holes around its perimeter. The centrifugal force expels the
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Glassfibre-reinforced gypsum (GRG) combines the non-combustibility of gypsum plaster with the reinforcing strength of glass fibres. Products contain typically 5% of the standard E-glass fibres, which considerably improve impact as well as fire resistance. Commercial GRG products are available as standard panels, encasement systems for the fire protection of steel and decorative wall panels. As
Glassfibre-reinforced concrete (GRC) is a material that was developed in the early 1970s by the Building Research Establishment. The standard material is produced from a mixture of alkali-resistant glass fibres with Portland cement, sand aggregate and water.Admixtures such as pozzolanas, superplasticisers and polymers are usually incorporated into the mix to give the required fabrication or
Metamorphic rocks are formed by the recrystallisation of older rocks, when subjected to intense heat or pressure or both, within the earth’s crust. Clay is metamorphosed to slate, limestone to marble and sandstone to quartzite Slate Slate is derived from fine-grained sand-free clay sediments. The characteristic cleavage planes of slate were produced when the clay
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Runway distance remaining signs are placed on the side of a runway and provide the pilot with information on how much runway is left during takeoff or landing operations. These signs are placed at 1000 ft intervals along the runway is a descending sequential order. Normally, these signs consist of white numerals on a black
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For the purpose of stipulating geometric design standards for the various types of airports and the functions which they serve, letter and numerical codes and other descriptors have been adopted to classify airports. For design purposes, airports are classified based on the aircraft they accommodate. While at any airport, a wide variety of aircraft, from
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In order to provide assistance to airport designers and a reasonable amount of uniformity in the design of airport facilities for aircraft operations, design guidelines have been prepared by the FAA and the ICAO . Any design criteria involving the widths, gradients, separations of runways, taxiways, and other features of the aircraft operations area must
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