- General rules of electrical installation design
- Methodology
- Rules and statutory regulations
- Installed power loads – Characteristics
- Power loading of an installation
- Connection to the MV utility distribution network
- Power supply at medium voltage
- Procedure for the establishment of a new substation
- Procedure for the establishment of a new substations
- The consumer substation with LV metering
- The consumer substation with MV metering
- Choice and use of MV equipment and MV/LV transformer
- Substation including generators and parallel operation of transformers
- Types and constitution of MV/LV distribution substations
- Connection to the LV utility distribution network
- MV & LV architecture selection guide for buildings
- Stakes of architecture design
- Simplified architecture design process
- Electrical installation characteristics
- Technological characteristics
- Architecture assessment criteria
- Choice of architecture fundamentals
- Choice of architecture details
- Choice of equipment
- Recommendations for architecture optimization
- LV Distribution
- Earthing schemes
- The installation system
- External influences
- Protection against electric shocks and electric fires
- General
- Protection against direct contact
- Protection against indirect contact
- Protection of goods in case of insulation fault
- Implementation of the TT system
- Implementation of the TN system
- Implementation of the IT system
- Residual current devices (RCDs)
- Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDD)
- Sizing and protection of conductors
- General
- Practical method for determining the smallest allowable cross-sectional area of circuit conductors
- Determination of voltage drop
- Short-circuit current
- Particular cases of short-circuit current
- Protective earthing conductor (PE)
- The neutral conductor
- Worked example of cable calculation
- LV switchgear: functions & selection
- The basic functions of LV switchgear
- The switchgear
- Choice of switchgear
- Circuit-breaker
- Maintenance of low voltage switchgear
- Overvoltage protection
- Overvoltage of atmospheric origin
- Principle of lightning protection
- Design of the electrical installation protection system
- Installation of SPDs
- Application
- Energy efficiency in electrical distribution
- Energy Efficiency in brief
- Energy efficiency and electricity
- Diagnostics through electrical measurement
- Energy saving opportunities
- How to evaluate energy savings
- Power Factor Correction
- Power factor and Reactive power
- Why to improve the power factor?
- How to improve the power factor?
- Where to install power factor correction capacitors?
- How to determine the optimum level of compensation?
- Compensation at the terminals of a transformer
- Power factor correction of induction motors
- Power factor correction of induction motors
- The effects of harmonics
- Implementation of capacitor banks
- Harmonic management
- Characteristics of particular sources and loads
- Photovoltaic installations
- Residential and other special locations
- EMC guidelines
- Measurement
General
- Definitions
- Requirements for Electrical Installations
Wiring and Protection
- Use and Identification of Grounded Conductors
- Branch Circuits
- Feeders
- Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Calculations
- Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders
- Services
- Overcurrent Protection
- Grounding and Bonding
- Surge Arresters
- Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors : TVSSs
Wiring Methods and Materials
- Wiring Methods
- Conductors for General Wiring
- Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures
- Outlet, Device, Pull, and Junction Boxes; Conduit Bodies; Fittings; and Handhole Enclosures
- Armored Cable: Type AC
- Flat Cable Assemblies: Type FC
- Flat Conductor Cable: Type FCC
- Integrated Gas Spacer Cable:Type IGS
- Medium Voltage Cable: Type MV
- Metal-Clad Cable: Type MC
- Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable: Type MI Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable: Types NM,NMC and NMS
- Power and Control Tray Cable: Type TC
- Service-Entrance Cable: Types SE and USE
- Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit Cable: Type UF
- Intermediate Metal Conduit :Type IMC
- Rigid Metal Conduit: Type RMC
- Flexible Metal Conduit: Type FMC
- Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit: Type LFMC
- Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit:Type RNC
- High Density Polyethylene Conduit: Type HDPE Conduit
- Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Conductors: Type NUCC
- Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit:Type LFNC
- Electrical Metallic Tubing: Type EMT
- Flexible Metallic Tubing: Type FMT
- Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing: Type ENT
- Auxiliary Gutters
- Busways
- Cablebus
- Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways
- Cellular Metal Floor Raceways
- Metal Wireways
- Multioutlet Assembly
- Nonmetallic Extensions
- Strut-Type Channel Raceway
- Surface Metal Raceways
- Surface Nonmetallic Raceways
- Underfloor Raceways
- Cable Trays
- Concealed Knob-and-Tube Wiring
- Messenger Supported Wiring
- Open Wiring on Insulators
Equipment for General Use
- Flexible Cords and Cables
- Fixture Wires
- Switches
- Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs (Caps)
- Switchboards and Panelboards
- Industrial Control Panels
- Luminaires (Lighting Fixtures), Lampholders, and Lamps
- Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or Less
- Appliances
- Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment
- Fixed Outdoor Electric Deicing and SnowMelting Equipment
- Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels
- Motors,Motor Circuits,and Controllers
- Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Equipment
- Generators
- Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)
- Phase Converters
- Capacitors
- Resistors and Reactors
- Storage Batteries
- Equipment, Over 600 Volts, Nominal
Special Occupancies
Special Equipment
Special Conditions
Communications Systems
- Communications Circuits
- Radio and Television Equipment
- Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Systems
- Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems
Busway
- Introduction
- Power Distribution Systems .
- Busway Purpose and Definition
- Types and Application
- Design Standards and Ratings ..
- Circuit Protection .
- Busway Construction
- Busway System Components
Circuit Breakers
- Introduction
- Need for Circuit Protection
- Types of Overcurrent Protection Devices
- Circuit Breaker Design
- Types of Circuit Breakers .
- Circuit Breaker Ratings
- Time-Current Curves
- Selective Coordination
- Series-Connected Systems
- Residential Circuit Breakers
- Panelboard Circuit Breakers
- General Purpose Thermal-Magnetic Circuit Breakers
- Solid-State Trip Unit Circuit Breakers
- Internal Accessories
- External Accessories
- VL Circuit Breakers
- WL Circuit Breakers
AC Motors
- Introduction
- AC Motors .
- Force and Motion
- AC Motor Construction
- Magnetism
- Electromagnetism
- Developing a Rotating Magnetic Field
- Rotor Rotation .
- Motor Specifications .
- NEMA Motor Characteristics
- Derating Factors
- AC Motors and AC Drives .
- Matching Motors to the Load .
- Motor Enclosures
- Mounting
- AC Induction Motors
Safety Switches
- Introduction .
- Safety Switches
- Symbols .
- Need for Circuit Protection .
- Fuses
- Fuse Ratings and Classifications
- Enclosures .
- Switch Design
- Safety Switch Ratings
- Switch Circuit Types and Terminology
- VBII General Duty Safety Switches
- VBII Heavy Duty Safety Switches
Switchboards
- Introduction
- Distribution Systems
- Switchboard Definition
- Switchboard Construction.
- Service Entrance Equipment
- Service Section
- Switchboard Grounding .
- Ground Fault Protection
- Service Section Main Disconnect Devices .
- Distribution Section .
- Switchboard Ratings
- SB1, SB2, and SB3 Switchboards .
- Rear Connected Switchboards
- Integrated Power System Switchboards .
- Generator Ready Switchboards
- Super Blue Pennant Switchboards.
- Multi-Metering Switchboards
- Speciality Service Entrance Switchboards .
- Things to Consider .
Panelboards
- Introduction
- Distribution Systems
- Panelboards
- Overcurrent Protection Devices
- Panelboard Construction
- Individual Overcurrent Protection
- Panelboards Main Configurations
- Power Supply Systems
- Service Entrance Panelboards
- Panelboard Grounding .
- Ground Fault Protection
- Panelboard Interrupting Ratings .
Load Centers
- Introduction
- Residential Power Distribution
- Load Centers .
- Load Center Construction
- Residential Circuit Breakers .
- Ground Fault Protection
- Arc Fault Protection
- Surge Protection
- Load Center Mains
- Load Center Interrupting Ratings
- Service Entrance Equipment Load Centers .
- Power Supply Systems
- Load Center Grounding .
Control Components
- Introduction .
- Control Circuits and Symbols
- Line Diagrams .
- Overload Protection
- Manual Control .
- Magnetic Contactors
- Overload Relays
- NEMA Starters .
- IEC Starters .
- Lighting and Heating Contactors
- Pilot Devices
- Limit Switches
- Control Transformers
- Protection Devices and Terminal Blocks
- Control Relays
- Solid-State Relays and Contactors .
- Timing Relays and Function Modules
- Monitoring Relays
- Interface Converters .
DC drives
- Introduction
- Totally Integrated Automation and DC Drives
- Mechanical Basics .
- DC Motors .
- Basic DC Motor Operation ..
- Types of DC Motors
- DC Motor Ratings
- Speed/Torque Relationships of Shunt Connected Motors .
- Basic DC Drives
- Converting AC to DC
- Basic Drive Operation
Electrical Products.
- Introduction
- Electric Power
- Residential Applications
- Commercial Applications .
- Industrial Applications .
- Manufacturing Applications .
- Discrete Parts Manufacturing
- Assembly Processes
programmable logic controller (PLC)
- Introduction
- PLCs .
- Number Systems
- Terminology .
- Basic Requirements
- Programming a PLC .
- Discrete Inputs/Outputs .
- Analog Inputs and Outputs
- Timers .
- Counters
- High-Speed Instructions
- Specialized Expansion Modules
Motor Control Centers
- Introduction
- Motor Control .
- Power Supplies
- Design Standards
- Need for Circuit Protection
- Motor Control Centers .
- Combination Motor Control Units
- Motor Starters .
- Pilot Devices
- Circuit Breakers
- Other Types of Devices in MCCs
- Smart MCCs
Meter Mounting Equipment
- Introduction .
- Power Distribution
- Single-Position and Gang Meter Sockets .
- Meter Combos
- Overcurrent Protection Device Ratings .
- Power Mod Modular Metering
Electricity
- Introduction
- Conductors and Insulators
- Current, Voltage, and Resistance .
- Ohm’s Law
- DC Circuits
- Magnetism
- Alternating Current .
- Inductance and Capacitance .
- Reactance and Impedance
- Series and Parallel R-L-C Circuits .
- Power and Power Factor in an AC Circuit .
- Transformers
- Review Answers
Guide to the Wiring Regulations
Introduction and Overview
Circuitry and Related Parts
Selection and Erection – Equipment
- Introduction and fundamentals
- Compliance with Standards
- Identification of conductors
- Principle of required identification
- Identification by colour
- Identification by marking
- Additions and alterations – identification
- Interface marking
- d.c. identification
- EMC and prevention of mutual detrimental influences
- Wiring systems
- Circuit breakers
- Residual current devices
- Other equipment
- Generating sets
Earthing and Bonding
- Introduction
- Earthing arrangements
- General requirements of earthing and bonding
- Protective conductors
- Armoured cables as protective conductors
- Protective equipotential bonding
- High earth leakage installations
- EMC and prevention of mutual detrimental influences
Inspection, Testing and Certification
Special Locations
Modern Wiring Practice
Design of Electrical Installation Systems
Regulations Governing Electrical Installations
- Planning of Installation Work
- The Electricity Safety, Qualityand Continuity Regulations
- IEE Wiring Regulations
- The Electricityat Work Regulations
- British Standards
- The Low Voltage Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations
- The Work at Height Regulations
- Health and Safetyat Work Act
- The Construction (Design Management) Regulations
- Building Regulations
Fundamental Principles
- Protection for Safety Fundamental Principles
- Design Fundamental Principles
The Design Process
- The Stages of Design
- The Components of the Design Process
Installation Design
- Load Assessment and Maximum Demand
- Circuit Design
- Earthing
- Other Considerations
- Design by Computer
Distribution of Supplies in Buildings
- Incoming Supply
- Main Switchgear
- Final Circuit Switchgear
- Circuit Protective Devices (CPDs)
- Cabling and Distribution
- Final Circuits
- Circuits Supplying Motors
Worked Example
- Design Criteria
- Process of Design
- Selection of Switchgear
- Preliminary Sub-main Cable Sizing
- Selecting the CPD Sizes
- Select the Cable Type and Installation Method
- Voltage Drop
- Prospective Fault Currents
- Containment Sizing
- Final Circuits
Special Types of Installation
- Locations Containing a Bath or Shower
- Swimming Pools and Other Basins and Rooms Containing a Sauna
- Construction and Demolition Site Installations
- Agricultural and Horticultural Premises
- Electrical Installations in Caravan Parks, Caravans and Motor Caravans
- Marinas and Similar Locations
- Medical Locations
- Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Supply Systems
- Other Special Installations
Practical Work
A Survey of Installation Methods
- Cable Management Systems
- Foundations of Good Installation Work
- Methods of Installation
Conduit Systems
- An Overview of Conduit Installation
- The Screwed Steel Conduit System
- Screwed Copper Conduit
- Insulated Conduit System
- Cables in Conduits
Trunking Systems
- An Overview of Trunking Installation
- Metallic Trunking
- Non-metallic Trunking
- Cable Ducts
- Underfloor Trunking Systems
Busbar and Modular Wiring Systems
- Busbar System
- Modular Wiring System
Power Cable Systems
- Armoured, Insulated and Sheathed Cables
- Cable Tray, Cable Basket and Cable Ladder
Insulated and Sheathed Cable Systems
- Surface Wiring
- Concealed Wiring
Installation of Mineral Insulated Cables
- Fixing
- Bonding
- Preparation of Cable End
- Sealing Cable Ends
- Current Ratings of Cables
- Some Practical Hints
- Inductive Loads
Luminaires,Switches,Socket Outlets and Data Circuits
- Ceiling Roses
- Luminaires and Lampholders
- Flexible Cords
- Socket Outlets and Plugs
- Switches
- Data Circuits
Inspection and Testing
- Introduction
- Initial Verification
- Periodic Inspection and Testing
Choosing electricity supplies
Load assessment
Design decisions for the main electrical intake
Energy efficiency in offices
Distribution systems and equipment
Distribution within buildings
Electrical Wiring, Commercial
Commercial Building Plans and Specifications.
Reading Electrical Working Drawings—Entry Level.
- Electrical Symbols
- The Drugstore
- The Bakery
Calculating the Electrical Load
- Introduction
- The Electrical Load
- Energy Code Considerations
- Lighting Loading Calculations
- Other Loads
- Motors and Appliances
- Summary of Drugstore Loads
Branch Circuits.
- Conductor Selection
- Determining Circuit Components
- Defining the Branch Circuits
- Application of Procedure.
- Using the Panelboard Worksheet
Switches and Receptacles
- Receptacles
- Snap Switches
- Conductor Color Coding
- Occupancy Sensors
- Switch and Receptacle Covers
Wiring Methods.
- Raceway Sizing in the NEC
- Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)
- Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
- Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT).
- Raceway Seals
- Flexible Connections
- Armored (Type AC) and Metal-Clad (Type MC) Cables
- Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC)
- Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT
- Raceway Sizing
- Raceway Support
- Special Considerations.
- Box Styles and Sizing
- Selecting the Correct Size Box
Motor and Appliance Circuits
- Appliances
- The Basics of Motor Circuits
- Motor Branch-Circuit, Short-Circuit, and Ground-Fault Protection
- Motor-Starting Currents/Code Letters.
- Type 1 and Type 2 Coordination
- Equipment Installation
- Appliance Disconnecting Means
- Grounding
- Overcurrent Protection
- The Bakery Equipment
Feeders
- Feeder Requirements
- Feeder Component Selection.
- Panelboard Worksheet, Schedule, and Load Calculation
- Feeder Ampacity Determination, Drugstore
Special Systems
- Surface Metal Raceways
- Multioutlet Assemblies
- Communications Systems
- Floor Outlets
- Fire Alarm System
Working Drawings—Upper Level
- Insurance Office
- Beauty Salon
- Real Estate Office
- Toilet Rooms
Special Circuits (Owner’s Circuits) .
- Panelboard Worksheet, Panelboard Schedule, and Load Calculation Form
- Lighting Circuits
- Sump Pump Control
- Water Heater and Space Heating
- Elevator Wiring
- Optional Electric Boiler
Panelboard Selection and Installation
- Panelboards
- Working Space Around Electrical Equipment
The Electric Service
- Transformers
- Transformer Overcurrent Protection
- Transformer Connections
- Utility Supply
- Metering. .
- Important Definitions. .
- Service-Entrance Equipment
- Grounding/Bonding
- Ground Fault Protection for Equipment
- Safety in the Workplace
Lamps and Ballasts for Lighting
- Lighting Terminology
- Lumens Per Watt (lm/W)
- Incandescent Lamps
- Retrofitting Existing Installations .
- High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps
- Energy Savings
- Hazardous Waste Material.
Luminaires
- Definitions
- Installation
- Energy Savings by Control
- Labeling
- Loading Allowance Calculations
- Commercial Building Luminaires .
- Luminaires in Clothes Closets
- Watts Per Unit Area Calculations
Emergency, Legally Required Standby, and Optional Standby Power Systems
- Sources of Power
- Classification of Systems
- Special Wiring Arrangements
- Generator Source
- Transfer Switches and Equipment
Overcurrent Protection: Fuses and Circuit Breakers
- Disconnect Switches
- Fuses and Circuit Breakers
- Types of Fuses
- Testing Fuses
- Delta, 3-Phase, Corner-Grounded “B” Phase System
- Time-Current Characteristic Curves and Peak Let-Through Charts
- Circuit Breakers
- Series-Rated Applications
- Series-Rated Systems Where Electric Motors Are Connected .
- Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers .
- Cost Considerations
- Motor Circuits .
- Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration Overcurrent Protection
Short-Circuit Calculations and Coordination of Overcurrent Protective Devices
- Short-Circuit Calculations
- Short-Circuit Current Variables
- Coordination of Overcurrent Protective Devices
- Single Phasing
Equipment and Conductor Short-Circuit Protection
- Conductor Withstand Rating
- Conductor Heating.
Low-Voltage Remote-Control
- Energy Savings
- Low-Voltage Remote Control
- Wiring Methods
The Cooling System
- Refrigeration
- Evaporator
- Compressor
- Condenser
- Expansion Valve
- Hermetic Compressors.
- Cooling System Control
- Cooling System Installation
- Electrical Requirements for Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment