A shaper is a machine tool primarily designed to generate a flat surface by a single point cutting tool. Besides this, it may also be used to perform many other operations. The different operations, which a shaper can perform, are as follows : Machining horizontal surface Machining vertical surface Machining angular surface Slot cutting Key …
Shapers are classified under the following headings: (1) According to the type of mechanism used for giving reciprocating motion to the ram Crank type This is the most common type of shaper. It employs a crank mechanism to change circular motion of a large gear called “bull gear” incorporated in the machine to reciprocating motion …
A single point cutting tool is held in the tool holder, which is mounted on the ram. The workpiece is rigidly held in a vice or clamped directly on the table. The table may be supported at the outer end. The ram reciprocates and thus cutting tool held in tool holder moves forward and backward …
It is the most commonly used milling machine used for general shop work. In this type of milling machine the table is mounted on the knee casting which in turn is mounted on the vertical slides of the main column. The knee is vertically adjustable on the column so that the table can be moved …
Milling machine rotates the cutter mounted on the arbor of the machine and at the same time automatically feed the work in the required direction. The milling machine may be classified in several forms, but the choice of any particular machine is determined primarily by the size of the workpiece to be undertaken and operations …
In milling machine, the metal is cut by means of a rotating cutter having multiple cutting edges. For cutting operation, the work piece is fed against the rotary cutter. As the work piece moves against the cutting edges of milling cutter, metal is removed in form chips of trochoid shape. Machined surface is formed in …
Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape and size. Lathe is one of the most important machine tools in the metal working industry. A lathe operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool. The cutting tool is feed into …
Large group of manufacturing processes in which plastic deformation is used to change the shape of metal workpieces The tool, usually called a die, applies stress that exceed the yield strength of the metal The metal takes a shape determined by the geometry of the die Material Properties in Metal Forming Desirable material properties Low …